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Mountain Scholar

Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.

 

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  • Explore the Colorado State University community’s scholarly output as well as items from the University at large and the CSU Libraries.
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Recent Submissions

ItemOpen Access
Fast and scalable monitoring for value-freeze operator augmented signal temporal logic
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024-05-14) Ghorbel, Bassem, author; Prabhu, Vinayak S., author; ACM, publisher
Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a timed temporal logic formalism that has found widespread adoption for rigorous specification of properties in Cyber-Physical Systems. However, STL is unable to specify oscillatory properties commonly required in engineering design. This limitation can be overcome by the addition of additional operators, for example, signal-value freeze operators, or with first order quantification. Previous work on augmenting STL with such operators has resulted in intractable monitoring algorithms. We present the first efficient and scalable offline monitoring algorithms for STL augmented with independent freeze quantifiers. Our final optimized algorithm has a |ρ|log(|ρ|) dependence on the trace length |ρ| for most traces ρ arising in practice, and a |ρ|2 dependence in the worst case. We also provide experimental validation of our algorithms – we show the algorithms scale to traces having 100k time samples.
ItemOpen Access
RUBIKS: rapid explorations and summarization over high dimensional spatiotemporal datasets
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024-04-03) Mitra, Saptashwa, author; Young, Matt, author; Breidt, Jay, author; Pallickara, Sangmi, author; Pallickara, Shrideep, author; ACM, publisher
Exponential growth in spatial data volumes have occurred alongside increases in the dimensionality of datasets and the rates at which observations are generated. Rapid summarization and explorations of such datasets are a precursor to several downstream operations including data wrangling, preprocessing, hypothesis formulation, and model construction among others. However, researchers are stymied both by the dimensionality and data volumes that often entail extensive data movements, computation overheads, and I/O. Here, we describe our methodology to support effective summarizations and explorations at scale over arbitrary spatiotemporal scopes, which encapsulate the spatial extents, temporal bounds, or combinations thereof over the data space of interest. Summarizations can be performed over all variables representing the dataspace or subsets specified by the user. We extend the concept of data cubes to encompass spatiotemporal datasets with high-dimensionality and where there might be significant gaps in the data because measurements (or observations) of diverse variables are not synchronized and may occur at diverse rates. We couple our data summarization features with a rapid Choropleth visualizer that allows users to explore spatial variations of diverse measures of interest. We validate these concepts in the context of an Environmental Protection Agency dataset which tracks over 4000 chemical pollutants, presenting in natural water sources across the United States from 1970 onwards.
ItemOpen Access
A framework for profiling spatial variability in the performance of classification models
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024-04-03) Warushavithana, Menuka, author; Barram, Kassidy, author; Carlson, Caleb, author; Mitra, Saptashwa, author; Ghosh, Sudipto, author; Breidt, Jay, author; Pallickara, Sangmi Lee, author; Pallickara, Shrideep, author; ACM, publisher
Scientists use models to further their understanding of phenomena and inform decision-making. A confluence of factors has contributed to an exponential increase in spatial data volumes. In this study, we describe our methodology to identify spatial variation in the performance of classification models. Our methodology allows tracking a host of performance measures across different thresholds for the larger, encapsulating spatial area under consideration. Our methodology ensures frugal utilization of resources via a novel validation budgeting scheme that preferentially allocates observations for validations. We complement these efforts with a browser-based, GPU-accelerated visualization scheme that also incorporates support for streaming to assimilate validation results as they become available.
ItemOpen Access
An artists' perspectives on natural interactions for virtual reality 3D sketching
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024-05-11) Rodriguez, Richard, author; Sullivan, Brian T., author; Machuca, Mayra Donaji Barrera, author; Batmaz, Anil Ufuk, author; Tornatzky, Cyane, author; Ortega, Francisco R., author; ACM, publisher
Virtual Reality (VR) applications like OpenBrush offer artists access to 3D sketching tools within the digital 3D virtual space. These 3D sketching tools allow users to "paint" using virtual digital strokes that emulate real-world mark-making. Yet, users paint these strokes through (unimodal) VR controllers. Given that sketching in VR is a relatively nascent field, this paper investigates ways to expand our understanding of sketching in virtual space, taking full advantage of what an immersive digital canvas offers. Through a study conducted with the participation of artists, we identify potential methods for natural multimodal and unimodal interaction techniques in 3D sketching. These methods demonstrate ways to incrementally improve existing interaction techniques and incorporate artistic feedback into the design.
ItemOpen Access
Tiled bit networks: sub-bit neural network compression through reuse of learnable binary vectors
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024-10-21) Gorbett, Matt, author; Shirazi, Hossein, author; Ray, Indrakshi, author; ACM, publisher
Binary Neural Networks (BNNs) enable efficient deep learning by saving on storage and computational costs. However, as the size of neural networks continues to grow, meeting computational requirements remains a challenge. In this work, we propose a new form of quantization to tile neural network layers with sequences of bits to achieve sub-bit compression of binary-weighted neural networks. The method learns binary vectors (i.e. tiles) to populate each layer of a model via aggregation and reshaping operations. During inference, the method reuses a single tile per layer to represent the full tensor. We employ the approach to both fully-connected and convolutional layers, which make up the breadth of space in most neural architectures. Empirically, the approach achieves near full-precision performance on a diverse range of architectures (CNNs, Transformers, MLPs) and tasks (classification, segmentation, and time series forecasting) with up to an 8x reduction in size compared to binary-weighted models. We provide two implementations for Tiled Bit Networks: 1) we deploy the model to a microcontroller to assess its feasibility in resource-constrained environments, and 2) a GPU-compatible inference kernel to facilitate the reuse of a single tile per layer in memory.