Mountain Scholar
Mountain Scholar is an open access repository service that collects, preserves, and provides access to digitized library collections and other scholarly and creative works from Colorado State University and the University Press of Colorado. It also serves as a dark archive for the Open Textbook Library.
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Recent Submissions
Mineralogy and geochemistry of carbonatites from the Gem Park complex, Fremont and Custer counties, Colorado
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 1981) Papson, Ronald Paul, author; Burns, Lary K., advisor; Winder, Dale R., committee member; Thompson, Tommy B., committee member
The Gem Park carbonatite complex is located 11 miles northwest of Westcliffe, Colorado and is hosted within Precambrian X metasedimentary gneisses and amphibolites. The complex of Cambrian age gabbros and pyroxenites contains a series of carbonatite dikes and masses. There are two other major carbonatite complexes in the Wet Mountain Valley. Parker and Sharp (1970) and Armbrustmacher and Brownfield (1978) have surveyed the surface mineralization of the mafic rocks and carbonatites. The present study has dealt with the evaluation of three diamond drill holes in the south central portion of the complex. A total of 29 samples were analyzed for mineralogic content, and geochemical analyses were performed. Results have been used to determine a rough paragenetic sequence for the development of the carbonatites. Dolomitic carbonatites, with a wide range of iron contents, form the earliest stage of carbonatite development. Apatite, magnetite, and phlogopite are common constituents with associated pyrochlore and zircon. Later dikes contain strontianite, barite, celestite, dolomite, and calcite with associated monazite, ancylite, bastnasite, and low albite. Lamprophyllite has been identified as an alteration of phlogopite. The total rare earth content in the samples studied ranges from 121 ppm to 757,000 ppm with an average of 13,700 ppm. Niobium ranges from 10 ppm to 7,000 ppm with an average of 740 ppm. Average thorium and uranium contents are 104 ppm and 18 ppm, respectively, with ranges from 2.0 ppm to 590 ppm and 0.2 ppm to 131 ppm. Geochemical analyses indicate that the intercepts studied are enriched in the elements Cu, Sr, Ga, P, Co, Sc, and rare earth elements (REE) and depleted in Mo, Ti, Si, Al, Nb, Zr, and K as compared to the average values for carbonatites (Gold, 1963). These results do not necessarily represent the entire complex; the cores studied were chosen for their varied mineralogy and carbonatite occurrences.
Improving cloud-top divergence signals with a bilateral filter
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2025-05) Tobin, Jackson C., author
Severe weather intensity trends can be monitored from satellite imagery over regions with sparse radar coverage using novel products available from optical flow retrievals. For example, cloud-top divergence rendered from the retrieved brightness motions, provides an indirect measure of updraft intensity with time. Recent demonstrations have now shown that dense optical flow can render sub-storm scale (< 5 km) motions, which appear noisy to operational forecasters during warning operations evaluations. The bilateral filter, a spatial signal smoothing filter that retains large-scale features while attenuating signal noise, is an approach for removing any unwanted cloud-top divergence noise signals while preserving the large-scale signals forecasters use in practice. Little is currently understood, however, on how such filters modify observed trends and magnitudes in cloud-top divergence, in particular how such magnitudes change during and in advance of severe weather observations at the ground. Two bilateral filter sizes were evaluated on a mid-latitude supercell in the Great Plains and tropical convection off the Northeast coast of South America, and it was determined that a bilateral filter with a gaussian sigma size of 2.5 adequately removed unwanted signals for both cases while maintaining the 5 min severe weather lead time associated with cloud-top divergence. Additionally, filtered signals were reduced by ~38% to ~60% for sigma sizes of 2.5 and 5.0 respectively.
Community assessment & resource mapping for Spanish-speaking agricultural workers in northeastern Colorado
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2025) Zimmerman, Ella, author; Millan, Alex, author
The changing contributions of ag economic policy in Larimer County, Larimer County
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2025) Wasserman-Olin, Rebecca, author
Natural capital evaluation of the Colorado White River elk herd
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2025) Wagner, Matthew, author