Browsing by Author "Rosecrance, John, committee member"

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Open Access
Adjustment to the nursing profession: a longitudinal study of changes in perceived fit and indicators of adjustment
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2011) Sampson, Julie M., author; Chen, Peter Y., advisor; Gibbons, Alyssa Mitchell, committee member; Dik, Bryan, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
The current study examined the relationships between perceived Demands-Abilities Fit (DA Fit) and Person-Vocation Fit (PV Fit) and indicators of adjustment (i.e., health, attitudes, and turnover intentions) using a multiple wave longitudinal design. Based on various PE Fit theories and prior research, it was expected that improvement or worsening in perceived fit would lead to subsequent increases or decreases in the various indicators of adjustment, respectively. Additionally, it was expected that perceived fit would lead to subsequent indicators of adjustment compared to the reverse or reciprocal effects. These hypotheses were tested by following nursing students throughout nursing school as well as through the first couple of years after they became registered nurses. Results from latent growth models and autoregressive models demonstrated that the rate of change of perceived fit changed over time, DA and PV Fit were positively related to the various indicators of adjustment across time, and reciprocal relationships existed between perceived fit and health and attitudes. Implications of the results, contributions of the study, recommendations for future research, and limitations are also addressed.
Open Access
Age differences in coping with job loss
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2011) Ermann, Erica, author; Kraiger, Kurt, advisor; Cleveland, Jeanette, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member; Vacha-Haase, Tammi, committee member
Using a national sample of unemployed workers from a range of ages, this study investigated the experience of coping with the stressor of involuntary job loss from an aging perspective. Based on previous research, it was expected that the process of coping with involuntary job loss would differ across the life-span as older workers face unique additional stressors. This study tested: (1) whether older unemployed workers cognitively appraised the loss of their jobs more negatively than younger unemployed workers, (2) whether the use of action-oriented problem-focused job loss coping strategies was stable across age, while the use of distress-reducing emotion-focused job loss coping strategies increased with age, and (3) whether the higher use of emotion-focused job loss coping strategies was positively related to subjective well-being and life satisfaction for older adults. Results indicated that cognitive appraisal of involuntary job loss was perceived as more intense and less reversible as age increased, but age was not related to use of coping strategies and the outcomes of well-being and life satisfaction. This study reviewed and integrated job loss and aging literature. Findings are pertinent for the policies of downsizing organizations, the counseling provided by mental health professions, and the coping of unemployed workers of all ages.
Open Access
An investigation of the differential effects of leader behaviors on employee safety
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2012) Hoffmeister, Krista, author; Kraiger, Kurt, advisor; Rosecrance, John, committee member; Gibbons, Alyssa, committee member; Henry, Kim, committee member
Leadership is frequently associated with positive safety outcomes such as improved perceptions of safety climate, increased safety behaviors, and decreased accidents and injuries. However, this research has mainly focused on the influence of general leadership on these safety outcomes. The present study sought to break down transformational and transactional leadership into their individual behavioral components and examine their unique influences on employee safety outcomes. From a sample of construction pipefitters and plumbers, results showed that idealized influence frequently explained the most variance in the safety outcomes, while individualized consideration and active management-by-exception were explained the least. Implications for leadership training and development are discussed.
Open Access
Anthropometric fit evaluation of structural firefighters' protective pants: a gender comparison study
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2014) Langseth-Schmidt, Kirian, author; Park, Juyeon, advisor; Li, Yan Vivian, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
This study identified fit issues associated with the female firefighter's station and turnout pants, in comparison to male firefighters. Fifteen firefighters (9 females, 6 males) participated in a multi-dimensional fit evaluation protocol; including a survey, 3D body scanning, joint angle measurement and an exit interview. Female firefighters showed, through the survey, significantly lower ratings on overall satisfaction, comfort, mobility, and performance of their protective pants. Anthropometric data, generated from 3D body scanning, confirmed a congruent trend of the fit issues to the survey data. The joint angle measurement determined decreased range of motion (ROM) for females during simulated occupational activities. Results affirmed that female firefighters experience poorer fit and a higher level of discomfort than male firefighters, while wearing uniform pants designed for the male physique. This study suggests important implications to the firefighting industry, policy makers, and researchers involved in improving protective clothing to enhance occupational safety of firefighters.
Open Access
Applying the theory of work adjustment to recent and non-recent Latino immigrant workers
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2014) Shtivelband, Annette, author; Aloise-Young, Patricia A., advisor; Dik, Bryan, committee member; Eggerth, Donald E., committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
Introduction: Latino immigrant workers suffer from greater injury and fatality rates compared to American-born workers. The cause of this occupational health disparity is not well-understood. Recently, the theory of work adjustment (TWA) was successfully applied toward understanding the work experiences of Latino immigrant workers. Understanding how Latino workers think about and respond to occupational safety and health (OSH) issues may be critical in developing effective trainings for this vulnerable population. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether there are significant and meaningful differences in how Latino immigrant workers (recent and non-recent) and American-born workers tend to think about and respond to issues at work using the theory of work adjustment framework. Method: A total of 612 workers (i.e., 189 RLIW, 229 NRLIW, 194 ABW) were recruited from Santa Fe, New Mexico (an old settlement area) and Cincinnati, Ohio (a new settlement area) - 318 participants were male and 294 were female. Recent Latino immigrant workers (RLIW) represented Hispanic individuals who had lived in the United States for 2 years or less; while non-recent Latino immigrant workers represented individuals who had lived in the United States for 5 years or more. Work adjustment (i.e., behavior to change the self or the environment), flexibility (i.e., the range of dissatisfaction that a person will tolerate before adjustment behavior is initiated), and perseverance (i.e., the length of time that a person or environment will persist in their adjustment behavior before an employment interaction is terminated) were measured with English and Spanish scales that were developed for this study. Results: The main finding from this study was that compared to ABW, RLIW and NRLIW were significantly more like to utilize a reactive (F(4, 602) = 42.72, p = .000) work adjustment approach adjusting for gender and years of school completed. NRLIW were found to be significantly more flexible (F(4, 602) = 11.65, p = .000) and likely to persevere (F(4, 602) = 13.17, p = .000) compared to RLIW and ABW after adjusting for gender and years of school completed. Among Latino immigrant workers, fraction of lifetime in the United States was contrary to what was predicted significantly and positively associated with flexibility (r = .14, p = .005) and perseverance (r = .19, p = .000), but not work adjustment (r = .03, p = 480). Lastly, type of settlement area did not moderate the relationship between immigrant status group and work adjustment style. Discussion and Implications: This is the first study to empirically examine whether there are meaningful and significant differences in how RLIW, NRLIW, and ABW tend to think about and respond to OSH issues using the TWA framework. The evidence from this study suggests that compared to ABW, NRLIW may tolerate greater dissatisfaction at work before initiating work adjustment behavior and may be more likely to persevere when dissatisfied at work. Both RLIW and NRLIW were significantly more likely to utilize a reactive work adjustment approach compared to ABW who were more likely to utilize an active work adjustment approach. Such findings offer a new perspective in which to develop effective OSH trainings and interventions and contribute to the growing literature that seeks to address the occupational health disparity of Latino immigrant workers.
Open Access
Dispositional and contextual resources as predictors of need for recovery
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2010) Gardner, Paige, author; Chen, Peter Y., advisor; Gibbons, Alyssa M., committee member; Henry, Kimberly L., committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
The current study considered how dispositional and contextual resources relate to need for recovery across time. This study extends the need for recovery literature by integrating need for recovery, the concept of resources from Hobfoll’s Conservation of Resources theory, and models of personality and social support in the stress process. It was hypothesized that dispositional resources (conscientiousness, emotional stability, optimism, and self-esteem) as well as contextual resources (positive social support) would predict need for recovery at Time 1 and Time 2. These hypotheses were partially supported. Dispositional and contextual resources were negatively related to need for recovery at Time 1 but did not predict need for recovery at Time 2 while controlling for need for recovery at Time 1. These results suggest limited roles played by dispositional and contextual resources, at least for the variables studied in the present study, in reducing need for recovery. Implications and opportunities for future research are discussed.
Open Access
Health and safety in the gig economy: a qualitative investigation with TaskRabbit workers
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2020) Kaldahl, Kiplin, author; Fisher, Gwenith G., advisor; Crain, Tori L., committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member; Harman, Jennifer, committee member
Work in the United States is increasingly moving towards contingent positions in the online gig economy, raising concerns about worker health, safety, and well-being in the absence of regulatory frameworks found in traditional employment. The present study examines the health and safety experiences of workers who provide their labor through an online platform called TaskRabbit, which is characterized by gig economy workers who offer freelance labor services to clients, such as cleaning and moving services. Little research has been done with this population; most studies on gig economy workers thus far have focused on on-demand driving companies such as Uber and Lyft. Health risks may arise from little workplace support for physical and mental health. Safety hazards may arise from a lack of training, unregulated physical environments in which tasks take place, and risk of injury due to physical labor. Negative outcomes due to stress may arise from low job control due to algorithmic management (i.e., computerized algorithms that make management decisions based on statistics such as customer approval ratings), and from interpersonal stressors such as incivility (i.e., rude comments, inconsiderate behavior) and unfair treatment. I investigated these potential risks through the use of one-hour, semi-structured qualitative interviews conducted via online video. The interview data was analyzed for recurring themes and sub-themes related to the study topics. The findings provide information on the unique health and safety experiences of the TaskRabbit workforce, which is essential to the development of future quantitative studies and interventions.
Open Access
Millennial consumers' responses to advertising for a transformational apparel product
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2019) Sylvester, Rebecca, author; Hyllegard, Karen, advisor; Miller, Nancy, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
Owing to the growth in the sportswear industry, and more specifically growth in the outdoor wear industry, companies are innovating products to find a competitive advantage over well established brands. Consumer demand for better preforming attire manufactured with consideration for the environment is driving product development and companies' commitment to more sustainable and transparent practices. One solution to the growing consumer demands is adaptable or transformational apparel. Adaptable or transformational apparel refers to apparel products designed with an ability to be manipulated to serve multiple functions beyond the normal expectations and functions of the apparel item. Members of the Millennial generation (i.e., individuals born between 1981 and 1997) are likely to spend more money on a product from a sustainable brand than from a non-sustainable brand (Bucic, Harris, & Arli, 2012; Cone Communications, 2015; The Center for Generational Kinetics, 2016; Fry, 2016). This cohort is concerned with the environment, is interested in product innovations, and has an expectation for 'cutting-edge' products. The Millennial generation is the largest generation in the U.S. population and workforce, and therefore has a high purchasing power (Fry, 2016). Based upon Millennial consumers' characteristics, this cohort was identified as an ideal target market for transformational outdoor wear apparel. Consumers' preferences for the functionality and sustainability of clothing has been examined in specific contexts; however, to date, there is limited research examining consumers' acceptance of transformational apparel for use in outdoor and sport activities. Therefore, this study examined how message framing of functionality and sustainability for product attributes influenced Millennial consumers' attitudes toward advertisements, attitudes toward brand, and purchase intentions toward a transformational apparel product. An integrated conceptual framework, which included the model of Message Framing for Brand Communication (MFBC) (Tsai, 2007) and the Theory of Planned Behavior (Ajzen, 1991), informed the development of the present study. Together, these models provided a framework for examining consumers' responses to advertising messages for a transformational apparel product. Data were collected through an online survey administered through the survey firm Qualtrics. The final sample included 176 participants born between the years 1981 and 1997. The results indicated that message framing did not influence Millennial consumers' attitudes toward advertisements for a transformational textile product, however, their attitudes toward advertisements did influence Millennial consumers' attitudes toward the Loki brand. Findings from the basic model revealed that Millennial consumers' purchase intentions toward a transformational apparel product were influenced by attitudes toward the brand and subjective norm, but they were not influenced by perceived behavioral control. Furthermore, findings from an extended regression model revealed that the consumers' purchase intentions were influenced by outdoor participation, product knowledge, and attitudes toward the brand, whereas self-construal, product involvement, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control did not influence purchase intentions. The findings from this research revealed several implications for product development and marketing as well as suggestions for future research. This research has implications for the outdoor wear industry specifically with respect to apparel product development and marketing initiatives targeted to the Millennial generation.
Open Access
Predictors and outcomes of occupational burnout: a five-wave longitudinal study
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2013) Lancaster, Paige Gardner, author; Chen, Peter Y., advisor; Gibbons, Alyssa, committee member; Henry, Kim, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
The current study investigated both intraindividual and interindividual change in occupational burnout in a sample of early-career nurses. This research utilizes Conservation of Resources theory in order to understand the trajectory of burnout over time, whether burnout predicts important outcomes for individuals and organizations, and whether burnout can be predicted by personality traits and recovery experiences. Nursing students were surveyed three times during their nursing program and an additional two times after they began their employment. Latent growth models were used to investigate the trajectory of burnout, assess variance in both the initial status and rate of change in burnout, and examine covariances of the rates of change of burnout with health, job attitudes, and recovery experiences. Autoregressive models provided additional information about the direction of relationships between burnout and these variables. Results indicated that average burnout levels declined during nursing school but then began to increase when the nurses entered their careers. Burnout predicted declines in physical health and satisfaction with the occupation, and reciprocal relationships between burnout and mental health were observed. Personality traits were related to the participants' initial burnout levels, and engaging in psychological detachment during time away from work was associated subsequent decline in burnout. Implications, directions for future research, and limitations are discussed.
Embargo
Promoting safety through diversity management: diversity climate, racial ethnicity, and safety voice
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2024) Beckel, Julia Lynn Otero, author; Gardner, Danielle, advisor; Prasad, Joshua, committee member; Prince, Mark, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
Given a sustained increase and undue burden of work-related injury and illness among racial-ethnic minorities in the United States, the current study aimed to provide a preliminary understanding into mechanisms which might lend to occupational health disparities. I utilized a two-wave survey approach via Prolific, a web-based survey platform, to gather perceptions from workers in high-risk industries (e.g., construction, manufacturing, healthcare, etc.) relating to their work groups' diversity climate, perceived organizational identification and psychological safety, worker safety voice, and occupational safety and health history. I considered four research questions: 1) How do employee perceptions of their organization's diversity climate relate to worker safety voice, 2) Do workers' perceptions of psychological safety and organizational commitment mediate the relationship between perceived diversity climate and worker safety voice, 3) What racial-ethnic differences exist in the indirect effects of diversity climate on worker safety voice via psychological safety and organizational identification?, and 4) If racial-ethnic difference in safety voice exist, are they also associated with differences in self-reported occurrences of accidents, injuries, or work-related illnesses across racial-ethnic groups? Results demonstrate the indirect effect of diversity climate on safety voice is significant via psychological safety, but not organizational identity. However, these effects did not influence occupational incident occurrence by race/ethnicity. I discuss relevant implications for theory and practice.
Open Access
Reliability of ergonomic exposure assessment: comparing the Strain Index and the OCRA Checklist
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2013) Paulsen, Robert James, author; Gilkey, David, advisor; Rosecrance, John, committee member; Reiser, Raoul, committee member
Occupational ergonomists utilize a variety of observational methods to identify jobs that elevate workers' risk for developing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Internationally, the Strain Index (SI) and the Occupational Repetitive Actions (OCRA) Checklist are two of the most popular upper extremity exposure assessments available. Both are founded on similar biomechanical and epidemiological principles, but their approach to quantification and estimation of risk factor magnitude is quite different. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the inter-method reliability of SI and OCRA Checklist exposure assessments. An additional aim was to estimate the inter-rater reliability of both methods. Twenty-one cheese-processing jobs were video recorded at an Italian facility. Eight individuals with occupational health training were recruited to rate every job using both the SI and OCRA Checklist. Inter-method reliability was characterized using kappa coefficients and Spearman correlations, and inter-rater reliability was characterized using intraclass correlation coefficients. Strain Index and the OCRA Checklist assessments produced moderately reliable results, generally classifying the same job exposures to physical risk factors similarly. Systematic bias due to rater effects was observed, and a lack of individual rater familiarity with one or both methods may have contributed to this bias. Further, the assessment of multi-task jobs was associated with lower inter-method reliability than what was observed for simpler jobs. Inter-rater reliability of the SI and OCRA Checklist summary scores and exposure classifications suggested moderate intra-method reliability. Summary scores may be a reliable measure of exposure to meet the needs of epidemiologists and occupational health and safety practitioners.
Open Access
Telework, work ability, and well-being among workers with chronic health conditions
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2021) Beckel, Julia L., author; Fisher, Gwenith, advisor; Prasad, Joshua, committee member; Stallones, Lorann, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
In the current study, I investigate the relationship between telework, work ability (i.e., job-related functional capacity), and well-being among workers with chronic health conditions (CHCs). Specifically, I address four research questions: 1) how does the utilization of telework relate to work ability and well-being in workers with CHCs, 2) do job control and flexibility mediate the relationships between telework, work ability, and wellbeing among workers with CHCs, 3) does the type of work activity performed moderate the relationship between telework, work ability, and well-being via perceptions of flexibility and job control, and 4) does the relationship between telework, wellbeing, and ability change when employees work more hours via telework arrangements? Using an experience sampling design, I demonstrate how the relationship between telework and daily perceptions of work ability and well-being among workers with CHCs' is primarily driven through perceptions of job control workers experience when teleworking versus attending their central organization. This relationship is also related to the nature of one's work, such that when individuals' jobs require high levels of educating or training others (i.e., remote learning), they experience less job control within the teleworking context, and subsequently report poorer work ability and well-being. Considering these findings, organizations might better define instances in which telework may be used an effective accommodation practice for workers with chronic health conditions.
Open Access
The impact of alignment between organizational climates for safety, productivity, and quality
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2014) Hoffmeister, Krista, author; Gibbons, Alyssa, advisor; Fisher, Gwenith, committee member; Henry, Kimberly, committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
With a sample of 204 construction workers, the present study assessed how the alignment and misalignment between safety, productivity, and quality climates was related to important individual and organizational outcomes. All three climates were related to safety, productivity, and quality outcomes. An alignment between climates, and a more positive perception of each, led to beneficial outcomes for the individual and the organization. However, a greater misalignment between the outcomes led to poorer health and decreased productivity and quality. Better perceptions of leadership were associated with more positive safety, productivity, and quality climates. These findings are important for both science and practice. Rather than creating silos for these key organizational goals, academics and practitioners should take a more holistic perspective. An understanding of the interaction between safety, productivity, and quality climates, and taking an effort to align these three goals, can maximize organizational success.
Open Access
Too legit to quit? How realistic job previews affect early turnover decisions
(Colorado State University. Libraries, 2015) Solove, Erica D., author; Kraiger, Kurt, advisor; Fisher, Gwenith G., advisor; Graham, Daniel J., committee member; Rosecrance, John, committee member
Using an organizational sample of call center employees, the current study improved upon conceptual and methodological limitations of prior realistic job preview (RJP) and turnover research to conduct a more rigorous test of RJP effectiveness. Specifically, using both quantitative organizational human resources archival records and qualitative third-party exit interview data, it was expected that an RJP intervention would be related to (1) a decreased voluntary turnover rate, (2) an organizationally unavoidable voluntary exit reason or involuntary exit reason (versus an organizationally avoidable voluntary exit reason), and (3) an increase in organizational tenure among exited employees. Results failed to support a hypothesized relationship between the RJP intervention, lower voluntary turnover rate, and increased organizational tenure among former employees, as effects were in the hypothesized direction but not large enough to establish statistical significance. Results also did not support the hypothesized relationship between the RJP intervention and exit reason. Findings and literature synthesis are pertinent for the design of future RJP research and the implementation of realistic recruitment interventions. Further implications of the results, contributions of the study, limitations, and recommendations for future research are also addressed.