The high cost of stability: security, charisma, and democratic erosion in El Salvador

Abstract

Latin America has faced significant challenges associated with democratic erosion, including the weakening of institutions, the concentration of power, and certain restrictions on civil liberties. El Salvador, under the administration of Nayib Bukele, stands out as a relevant case due to the political dynamics that have emerged in recent years. While Salvadoran democracy has historically been fragile, recent changes have accelerated its deterioration at an unprecedented pace. The main objective of this study is to analyze the causes of democratic erosion. My explanation is that three key factors, insecurity, leader charisma, and opposition fragmentation, have facilitated democratic erosion and the consolidation of authoritarian tendencies in this country. The central hypothesis is that these three factors have been decisive in shaping these political dynamics. Through a qualitative approach, the study will seek to evaluate this hypothesis by analyzing primary data, such as Bukele's speeches and the policies implemented under his administration, as well as secondary sources, including academic reports and reports from non-governmental organizations.